Map Yang Phon, 1 August 2026 – Some manufacturers are shifting production back toward China as changes in US tariff rates narrow the advantage of factories in Southeast Asia, exposing the limits of supply-chain diversification when operating costs remain materially higher outside established industrial clusters.
A flashlight producer serving US customers illustrates the calculation. Its partners invested in facilities in Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia when duties on Chinese exports reached extreme levels in 2025. After the new US rate on Chinese exports fell to 12.5%, with other legacy duties still applying, tariff treatment for certain products became comparable with competing Southeast Asian locations.
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